Object-oriented systems are usually partitioned into layers of related responsibilities and only dependencies in one direction are allowed, from higher layers (more specific, less reusable) to lower ...

You might know that Java passes by value, but it helps to understand why. Here's what happens when you pass mutable and immutable object references in Java. Many programming languages allow passing ...

Nested classes are classes that are declared as members of other classes or scopes. Nesting classes is one way to better organize your code. For example, say you have a non-nested class (also known as ...

We discuss some of the most common design patterns in Java and how they can help you solve common coding issues. Learn more. A design pattern is a well-established and documented solution to a common ...

The Java class is the bean class itself, which performs the actual work. The bean class doesn't know that it has been invoked by an object on another computer; it can learn about its environment by ...

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design is a course that presents an introduction to the design and construction of software systems using techniques that view a system as a set of objects that work ...